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Character Entity References

The following are symbols which may confuse some browsers. Should they be interpreted as code or text? If you want these characters to display on a web page as text, it's best to use their named or numeric entities.


Symbol to show on your web pageNamed entityNumeric entity
" " "
& & &
<&lt; &#060;
>&gt; &#062;
–&ndash; &#8211;
—&mdash; &#8212;
‘&lsquo; &#8216;
’&rsquo; &#8217;
“&ldquo; &#8220;
”&rdquo; &#8221;


More character entity references for ISO 8859-1 characters

These are symbols which may or may not be on your keyboard, and their corresponding Named and Numeric entities defined for HTML. You can use these entities in the HTML code to display these symbols on the browser, but whether or not these symbols actually get shown depends on the computer platform and font used. Using these entities however does give compliance with html/xhtml standards.

For more details, Alan Wood has a great reference page: HTML 4.01 Character Entity References
Here are some common ones:


Symbol to showNamed entityNumeric entity
non-breaking space &nbsp; &#160;
¡ &iexcl; &#161;
¢ &cent; &#162;
£&pound; &#163;
¤ &curren; &#164;
¥ &yen; &#165;
¦ &brvbar; &#166;
§ &sect; &#167;
¨ &uml; &#168;
© &copy; &#169;
ª &ordf; &#170;
« &laquo; &#171;
¬ &not; &#172;
­ &shy; &#173;
®&reg; &#174;
¯&macr; &#175;
° &deg; &#176;
±&plusmn; &#177;
² &sup2; &#178;
³ &sup3; &#179;
´ &acute; &#180;
µ &micro; &#181;
&para; &#182;
· &middot; &#183;
¸ &cedil; &#184;
¹ &sup1; &#185;
º &ordm; &#186;
» &raquo; &#187;
¼&frac14; &#188;
½ &frac12; &#189;
¾ &frac34; &#190;
¿ &iquest; &#191;
™ &trade;


ISO Foreign characters

Symbol to showNamed entityNumeric entity
À &Agrave; &#192;
Á &Aacute; &#193;
 &Acirc; &#194;
Ã&Atilde; &#195;
Ä &Auml; &#196;
Å &Aring; &#197;
Æ&AElig; &#198;
Ç &Ccedil; &#199;
È &Egrave; &#200;
É &Eacute; &#201;
Ê&Ecirc; &#202;
Ë &Euml; &#203;
Ì &Igrave; &#204;
Í &Iacute; &#205;
Î&Icirc; &#206;
Ï&Iuml; &#207;
Ð&ETH; &#208;
Ñ&Ntilde; &#209;
Ò &Ograve; &#210;
Ó &Oacute; &#211;
Ô &Ocirc; &#212;
Õ&Otilde; &#213;
Ö&Ouml; &#214;
×&times; &#215;
Ø &Oslash; &#216;
Ù &Ugrave; &#217;
Ú &Uacute; &#218;
Û&Ucirc; &#219;
Ü&Uuml; &#220;
Ý&Yacute; &#221;
Þ &THORN; &#222;
ß &szlig; &#223;
à &agrave; &#224;
á &aacute; &#225;
â &acirc; &#226;
ã &atilde; &#227;
ä &auml; &#228;
å &aring; &#229;
æ &aelig; &#230;
ç &ccedil; &#231;
è &egrave; &#232;
é &eacute; &#233;
ê &ecirc; &#234;
ë &euml; &#235;
ì &igrave; &#236;
í &iacute; &#237;
î &icirc; &#238;
ï &iuml; &#239;
ð &eth; &#240;
ñ&ntilde; &#241;
ò&ograve; &#242;
ó &oacute; &#243;
ô &ocirc; &#244;
õ &otilde; &#245;
ö &ouml; &#246;
÷ &divide; &#247;
ø&oslash; &#248;
ù &ugrave; &#249;
ú &uacute; &#250;
û &ucirc; &#251;
ü &uuml; &#252;
ý &yacute; &#253;
þ &thorn; &#254;
ÿ &yuml; &#255;
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